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Johanna July
Horsebreaker (c.
Pictures of johanna july biography
1860–1942)
Johanna "Chona" July (c. 1860 – 1942) was a skilled horsebreaker and member of the Black Seminole community.
Biography
Johanna was born near Nacimiento, Mexico in approximately 1860.
Her ancestors had been forced to migrate from Florida to Nacimiento, by way of Fort Gibson, Oklahoma, following the Indian Removal Act. She was born to Jennie Bruner (also spelled Bruno). Some narrative refer to her father with the last name Philips, likely Black Seminole U.S.
Army scout Ned Philips.[1] Others claim her father was Elijah July.[2] In 1870, Ned Philips joined the Black Seminole scouts in exchange for land and American citizenship.[1]
Johanna, her parents, and her brother Joseph moved to Fort Duncan, where her father broke horses for the army, farmed, and raised livestock while serving brief enlistment periods.
While Black Seminole work was typically divided by gender, Johanna Phillips was fon